INSTITUTIONS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

European Central Bank

The European Central Bank (ECB), based in Frankfurt, manages the euro and formulates and implements the EU's economic and monetary policy. Its main purpose is to keep prices stable.

  1.  It fixes the interest rates that it lends to commercial banks in the eurozone, controlling the money supply and inflation.
  2. It manages the currency reserves of the euro area and the buying and selling of currencies to maintain the equilibrium of the exchange rates.
  3. It ensures that national authorities adequately supervise markets and financial institutions and that payment systems work well.
  4. It guarantees the security and soundness of the European banking system.
  5.  Authorizes the manufacture of euro banknotes by member countries of the euro zone.

The ECB works with the national central banks of all EU countries. Together they constitute the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) and direct cooperation between the central banks of the euro area. It is what is usually known as the Eurosystem.